Saint Joseph’s ecological day

On Tuesday 10th November 2015, Saint Joseph’s pupils from year 10 up to year 13 went to the Palais de l’Europe in order to attend to the very  environment day organized by their establishment.  

Students were able to meet scientists and listen to their speeches. They     also participated in activities laid by their teachers. This day was based on themes around sustainable environment such as climatic changes.  We    were sadly warned of the dangers that our planet risks

Global Warming

The Earth’s temperature is increasing, and this fact is today indisputable. The earth’s surface average temperature has increased of 0.85°C since 1880.From now until 2100 the climatologists predict a raise from 2°C to 6°C. Several reasons like CO2 emissions were at the origin of global warming.

The humans’ fault?

Since November, 13th 2015 at 17:00:19 the men have drained the    annual planet’s ecological budget.  Therefore, the strong bullish        increase of the temperatures is due to human activities which have   not stopped to generate CO2. Indeed since the industrial era the        numbers of CO2 molecules have quadrupled. Nowadays, China is     the country with the highest rate of greenhouse gas emissions;          nevertheless Australia is the most polluting country in the individual scale.

 The Ocean a threatened and threatening source

Lionel Guidi a researcher from the CNRS was there to explain and alert     about the impact of climate changes on the oceans. They represent 70%  of the Earth surface.  They have always played a key role, but no one         talked about them even if there are very few laws on oceans. Contrary to public   opinion, oceans play a part on the oxygen production. 50% of the O2 that we breathe is produced by the plankton.  Oceans are in danger    because of the water acidification due to CO2 excess. Water acidification  is also dangerous for some species because CO2 destroys limestone yet    some water animals are made of limestone.  Global warming has other     consequences on oceans such as the ice caps meeting.  This melting           causes rising water; in 2080 oceans could rise 1m and cause the extinction of some islands.

Temperature raises mosquitoes attack

Camille Roumieux, a biologist, talked about the impact of climate change on mosquitoes. We’re used to see mosquitoes from May to August and    sometimes until September. Yet with global warming, we can see             mosquitoes in October, November or maybe even December. There are   about 3500 species of mosquitoes; in the PACA region we can find about  40 species.  But we worry specially about the presence of a kind of            mosquitoes in our region and in other parts of France: the Tiger Mosquito. It was seen for the first time in Nice in 2004, this type of mosquito is very dangerous because it’s a vector of Malaria. Every 30 seconds someone     dies because of a mosquito sting. During the conference one student         asked:“Why don’t we eradicate mosquitoes?” Camille Roumieux                 answered: “Mosquitoes are important for birds because without mosquitoes they produce less eggs, some pecies are considered harmful   for humans, but they are important for other species.”

Is the COP21 going to find solutions?      

 From the 30th November to the 11th December, 196 parties (195               countries+ the European Union) are going to discuss about global              warming and try to find some solutions.  We asked passers-by to tell us   what they think about the COP21. The people we interviewed mostly        sounded hopeless. A man from Paris said “It’s going to be very difficult to stop polluting without compromising the industrial sector.”  

A woman said “ When you see that the countries  known as the cleverest ones, don’t do anything  about the CO2 emissions  […] Look at the            damage the United States made in 200 years […] They don’t want to do  anything” .
 A newsagent was also unenthusiastic: “I don’t think the COP21 is going to change anything, there is nothing we can do, I’d like to but I don’t believe in it.  There’re a lot issues and projects and I really hope they are going to forge a resolution[…]  but there will be 196 countries which are not on as far as sales are concerned wavelength “ 

 The Fresco

       Some students worked on a fresco which is going to be sent to the COP21. The pupils worked on the fresco with the help of their art teacher.  The    fresco is separated in three parts: the first one is the “We don’t want”      part where we can see deforestation, speculation, wars, racism etc. In the middle there are some pupils’ shapes. And other part it’s “What we want “part, we can see solidarity, mutual aid, protection of the forest etc.  This Fresco represents the pupils ‘commitment, and we hope this day alerted  the young generation about global warming and climate change.

Violeta Inzirillo, Raquel Carvalho Caldeira, Meili Pilloix, Clarisse Krajacic

Feeding the planet, what are the solutions ?

Universal Exhibition of Milan 2015

Feeding The Planet : Energy for Life

The aim of this exhibition is to reflect on ways which will guarantee a healthy food supply and a sufficient quantity of food to be shared throughout the world.

Russia’s stand

In 2013 more than 850 million humans are undernourished in other words nearly 30 percent of the world's population suffers  from undernourishment. 

The world population in 2050 will attain 9,7 billion people.In order to feed this number 

the world food production needs to increase by 60 percent.

The 2015 exhibition wanted to show that the best way to limit the social inequalities and to achieve "energy for life" would be to live according to the principles of sustainable development.

We decided to look at an African example to see if it is possible to resolve the problem of undernutrition by methods which respect the rules of sustainable development.

Our school is closely involved in one such objective: the Burkina Faso humanitarian project.

We interviewed Madame Thébault to find out how the town of Djingerma is trying to feed its population in difficult climatic conditions and with very little financial and technical resources. The developed  world's shocking wastage of food does not exist. Madame Thébault explains that "People can only afford to buy a small packet of rice in the market . They never buy a kilo at a time. The average budget  for a family in this region of Dano is about 1.50€ per day. Our school supports a charitable organisation which helps Burkina Faso. Every year a new project is mounted, always to do with agriculture or education. The aim of the school at Djingerma is to ensure that the  children eat at least  one meal a day. The former director of the school Mamadou Backouan needed help to create a school field in which to grow crops  because his main wish was that the village become self sufficient rather than depending on external help. This was achieved with the help of the pupils and their parents. Everyone gave a help in hand and all the food produced in this field is consumed in the canteen. Often the children take home part of their meal so that they can eat it later in the evening and share it with their brothers and sisters who don't go to school."

Poor child from Burkina Faso (La redation, 3rd april 2015)

Food is being produced locally in an environmentally respectful way.

Self sufficiency in agriculture means local employment and food at school.

Finally, having it's own agriculture can only be an economic advantage

The role of the school is therefore not only to educate but also to feed the children. This is just one example of how local solutions can be found to feed the developing world.

The eco-friendly house, a challenge of the future

Because of climate change  and in honor of the COP21, Saint Joseph school decided to organize “the environement Day” on Tusday, November 10^{th a} 2015. During that day, the pupils of St Joseph were able to attend several conferences and to participate in various workshops organizes by volunteers Several themes were approached: the COP21, climate change, Burkina Faso, the bio imitation the renewable energies... We dealt with the themes of the autonomous house and the kit home.

Jenny Alfonso Relova is at the origin of the autonomous house. The latter creates of jewels, lamp but also natural cosmetics. As or architect and interior designer, her studios helped her built her eco-friendly house.  She named her house “Gaia Luna”, which is originally a ruin perched on the heights of Sospel. At that time, it was a small shelter made of stone, a semi-troglodyte Mountain that welcomed the farmer and his animals during the summer season. It was abandoned after the second world  war. Then Mrs Alfonso took up the challenge in 2006 : she wanted to bring back to life the ruins of this ancient shelter, without door, windows and with a noroof.  She aimed at restoring it to life. She wanted to accommodate her family, respecting its construction. At present this ecological, perfectly livable house, lives in accordance with the environment. This ambitious young woman tells us the reasons and the objectives of this project: “it was important for me to get closer to Nature to find life essence ” “It is essential to return to a simpler lifestyle to be able to continue to live on Earth”. Her ecological approach joins in this logic. The used materials are all natural and stemming from ecological sectors such as roof natural lime for fillers, screeds, paving stones of the ground, paints, sheep's wool for the insulation of the roof; natural oil for the treatment of the woodwork and the stones; some sawdust resulting from close sawmills for the insulation of the walls of the chalet, solar panels to produce  electricity, thermosiphon to heat up the water,  compost a straw fieter  to clean dirty waters, dry toilets  to minimize the use of water... However, she asserts that there are some constraints as the back of the flatinon, the dishwasher, the washing machine as well as the interest network. Jenny Alfonso Relova tells us how she was able to protect the health of the inhabitants and the visitors as well as the well-being and the protection of our Earth: “ I exchange with the resident organic farmers in the surroundings, I give them creams, soaps, washing liquids which themselves do not produce in exchange for citrus fruit and for vegetables which I use to feed my family and my guests. We underline the courage and the will of this woman to encourage us to adopt a simpler and alternative lifestyle. We can conclude that this woman is one precursor of a livable, viable and renewable New World “We have the duty to pass on the most undamaged environment. We must be careful not to transform the buildings too much and respect its nature”.

In connection with the autonomous house, we were interested in kit homes, which is, Dominique Tallarida's idea. The latter, having received severance pay, dashed into this project. “I woke up on March 23rd, 2014, I had just dreamed about the ambitious project which was to create a kit home for all”. What is a kit home ? This house heats up and cools down on is own, protects the families from harsh weather conditions and earthquakes, and blends into Nature. Furthermore, this house is built from plate of molded wood and glue assembled at 140°C.  which makes it easy to insert into bed other . The obtaining of the price of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the international development in the competition. Lépine was the starting point of this project. The directors of the humanitarian mission who Mr Tallarida met, were delighted to have been able to find an intermediate process between the tent and the final house. They can confirm  that they are going to be able to reconstruct the camps of refugees  of the planet with this new system. As Mr Tallarida affirms : “the major purpose is not to make profit but to help NGOs (non-governemental organization) of the world while respecting the environment”. Indeed, in 6 months, kit homes  will be privatized for NGOs  “What is important for me is to accommodate family victims of the war and natural disasters, to save thousands of children but also to finance genetic research”. Its easy assembly as well as its very affordable price allow its construction in even isolated zones. Soon, the project is going to become a reality, indeed, in two weeks, the first two kit homes in kit will be built in Sospel. After ten year research, this house, represents probably one of the most interesting advances in ever done today the domestic architecture filled”, as Dominique Tallarida confirms. Proud to have completed his project, he confides us: “of a simple dream, with ambition, everything is achievable”.

The meeting between these participants allowed the pupils to become aware of the situation in which our world evolves and to take good environmental resolutions, as well.

Clara Charbit - Lisa Vanmoen - Enola Fidon - Jade Barriera

St joseph helps Burkina Faso

Burkina Faso, a little country located in the East of Nigeria in Africa is one of the poorest countries in the world.  The capital city Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso are, unfortunately, the only cities in the country that can have access to drinking water. On the one hand, this situation is problematic because the sahelian climate in Burkina Faso causes droughts. On the other hand, climate change is responsible for deforestion and the emigration of the population. Our school, came to help Burkina faso financially. So then, we can ask ourself : how can Saint Joseph Carnolès help Burkina Faso with sustainable development ? In 2013, Miss Thébaut went to Burkina Faso with a student from Saint Joseph. They shared Burkinabé’s everyday life and visited their school. This article was inspired by the Environment Day on Tuesday November 10th.

As mentioned above, Burkina Faso is one of the poorest countries in the world. Indeed the population live with only 1,50 € per a day. An other problem to the economic development is that Burkina Faso can’t do commercial trade because the country isn’t open in front of the sea. We can add that there aren’t train rails too.

Fortunately in Burkina Faso solutions exist. Thanks to humanitarian help. Burkinabé recently discovered goldmines and this discovery contributes to an industrial source of wealth.

Women contribute to the nation’s economy. By using wood to cook but also by selling wood in a marketplace. Finally last year, thanks to Saint Joseph’s sewing machines they could learn how to be a dressmaker and earn money. This is very important especially as Burkina Faso is  a cotton producer.

The economic evolution is also due to the creation of a garden center. There, they cultivate cashew nuts, corns, mangos, papaya, sorghum and millet. A German NGO helps the project with the watering of the plantations. The farming production is sold. Even if the sales can be complicated as they aren’t controlled because Burkina Faso is too poor, this agriculture permits to slightly reduce food insecurity. Unfortunately this year the crops have been bad because of flooding due to climate change.

All this helped Burkina Faso to progress economically. Thanks to this education, Burkina Faso will gradually overcome poverty.

What about its society ?

While in France education is obligatory, in Burkina many children do not go to school. The lucky ones attend poor schools and they are generally around 60 to 100 pupils per class. Miss Thébault visited a school where a large need in help with toilets was present. Actually, students as well as teachers used a mere wall by way of toilets. To cope with that problem, dry toilets were built in 12 different schools funded by students’ parents.

The support of our school continues with teaching women how to sew. Indeed, women earn 1 euro 50 per day. By picking bundles of wood sticks. We help solve this problem by giving courses. In order to increase their income. The school we keep in touch with, offers a ration of millet and sorghum as lunch. Following the agreements of parents, the exchange meal was introduced. Saint Joseph Students changed their meals against a bowl of rice!

And the environnement ?

As far as the environment is concerned, St joseph school also tries to bring its help. Outside the capital, there is no garbage collection and no treatment of non-drinking water. It causes pollution because a lot of trash cover the streets. Animals such as pigs walk freely in the streets. One the one hand it can be an advantage because these animals eat those trash so they clean up the streets, but on the other hand they spread a lot of diseases. There is also deforestation in Burkina Faso and women can’t cook because they can’t find wood to light a fire. Saint jospeh school helps them plant trees and create eco-parks.

Unfortunately the floods that underwent Burkina Faso this summer destroyed a large part of these plantations, and the country still tries to find a solution.

Even if Saint Joseph helps Burkina Faso, a lot of projects are still looking forward to be realised. The lack of space is ever-present and the education quality is precarious.The population needs help to live in a comfortable way. 

 Alluch / Andrieux / Adonto.

2^nde Euro Institution Saint Joseph - Carnolès

Urban Biospheres

In the XXIst century, sustainable development has become one of the biggest issue of the society. To do so, some cities decided to become urban biosphere.

 What can we do to make our cities sustainable ?

New York green roofs

But first, what is an urban biosphere ?

An urban biosphere is a densely populated city that manages to respond to our current needs and improve our quality of life, while promoting a sustainable development and protecting the environment.

An Urban Biosphere is a Biosphere Reserve characterized by important urban areas where the natural, socio-economic and cultural environments are shaped by urban

 influences and pressures, and set up and managed to mitigate these for improved urban and regional sustainability.

Three main functions are expected from an urban biosphere reserve. They are conservation, development and logistic support. It is expected that an urban biosphere reserve would contribute to conservation of its landscape and ecosystem, and foster both economical and cultural development. It is also expected that it would support demonstration projects, environmental education and training, and research on sustainable development issues.

What is the urban biosphere’s issue ?

The main issue of an urban biosphere is to engender cities with greater social-ecological resilience in the context of global environmental change.  In other words, combine our social life with the current environmental concerns, in a sustainable way.

The need of urban biosphere reserves is very important, knowing that the number of people living in the world's cities has reached three billion, nearly half of the total population. By 2050 two-thirds of the total population will be living in the cities. The rapid expansion of the cities and of their populations poses a challenge for a viable global environment. Although some of the existing biosphere reserves include cities and towns, entirely urban-oriented biosphere reserves have yet to be included in the list.

Interview of Christine Alfsen

On November, the 10th, we had the chance to participate to an environment day proposed by Saint Joseph Institution and taking place at the Palais de l’Europe, in Menton. Christine Alfsen, lecturer at Political Science college and urban biosphere specialist accepted to answer our questions.

What is an urban biosphere ?

« An urban biosphere is a city that takes into consideration the ecosystem services provided by the green spaces inside and outside the city. They create some kind of organization between those two systems because generally cities concentrate ressources but have very little regard for the services provided by rural people.

In a urban

biosphere you choose a different administration. Instead of just managing your city, you take in consideration Rural.”

Do you think the French Riviera is an urban biosphere ?

« Not at all. There’s a complete mental border between the French Riviera and the Rural as if it was a different planet. It is a very new phenomenon that is hungry in ressources and that produces lots of waste they sent into rural environment. Towns don’t recognize the services produced by rural systems in the way cities are managed. It’s a build up region. »

What are the countries etablishing the most the concept of urban biosphere ?

            « Well, it’s always the countries with the best education system, the best social system, end the best economy that’s why the Scandinavian countries are now etablishing the most this concept. »

While you were in New York as an office manager for the UNESCO, did American people really care about environment ?

« Actually, they are very conscious of the local economy. It’s a very large country so the government doesn’t have as much handle as the French one for exemple on this kind of actions. Even if the United States are often associated with waste which is true, when people start being affected by their actions and the consequences they have on the planet, they face problems and don’t wait for the government to act. Lots of universities have now green spaces generally in the most affected states like Arizona or California. »

What can the cities do to build themselves as urban biospheres ?

« Well, they can manage their natural capital like they would manage their historical buildings by spending money in restoring the. They must take the natural capital as something valuable and convince people that part of their taxes will go into restoring the ecosystems. These systems have to be restored by public investments. »

To conclude, creating urban biospheres is a way to maintain soil and CO² and to make cities sustainable. To do so , it is important to create a connection between the city and the rural systems by encouraging the one who benefits to the cities ressources and by creating an economical system which allows to restore the ecosystem. This day and mostly this interview was really inspiring because it made us realize not only our impact on the planet but also that we could do something in our everyday life to change the world.

Mcdonald O., Novelli A., Dangin T., Malzis A.

The Oceans ‘drift

On the 10th November, we went to the Palais de l’Europe in Menton to participate in Environment Day. During this special day, we took part in several conferences and workshops organized by our teachers.

Mainly, we spoke about mosquitoes, the consequences of greenhouse gas emissions on the environment, how to save the planet and the oceans. We learnt more about oceans thanks to Lionel Guidi.

Lionel Guidi is a CNRS researcher from Villefranche-sur-Mer, he wrote his thesis in this same city and traveled around the world while studying . He's now studying the oceans to understand them better and this depends on its chemical, physical and biology, the interaction between these three elements is very important.

The climate and oceans are linked because there is a climate machine (the water cycle, the heat cycle and the carbon cycle). But also because the oceans represent 70% of the surface of the Earth, 97% of the water available on Earth, 50% of the oxygen we breathe (due to plankton) and the oceans absorb 93% of Co2 every day due to human activity.

because of this Co2 too present, the water level increases one step at a time and its acidity is increasingly high, which could result in the extinction of many sea animals (around 30% of the biodiversity) whereas others could easily adapt.

Thus, we asked Lionel Guidi several questions;

“Have you found some solutions?

- The objective of a researcher is not to propose solutions; his purpose is to make a report.

- How do you make reports?

- First of all to make a report means that we establish a general state of the ecosystem.

- We do it by means of taking on the chemistry and the biology of the oceans thanks to rather modern techniques. For example, other researchers and I left for oceanographic campaign for 3 years to know the diversity of the species in the sea and how the environment influences its species there.”

So Mr.Guidi explained during his conference that experiences on the climate are realized by the man (Increase of the temperatures and the acidity in the oceans) to look how these changes influence the various organisms. The human made changes are short-lived and allow to see what climate change could damage in the long term.

All these changes lead to a heavy impact on the economy and on the health of the human race but also on the biodiversity on Earth.

The researchers set up pessimistic scenarios to motivate humans so that they act quickly to avoid the possible extinction of the human race.

Finally Lionel Guidi informed us that the oceans are excluded from any negotiations during the Cop21 given that they belong to everybody.

This day allowed us to become aware of the meaning of the word “environment”. Indeed, we realized that even at our level of mere teenagers, we can change the world. Every action is important in this type of big change. This special opened our eyes on the importance and the emergency of this problem. This is a priority if we want to pass on to our future generations a world livable, viable and fair.

A world which has undergone sustainable development. 

During this day, we really understood that our planet is in danger and we realized that we had to become aware of it in order to save our oceans thus our planet.

2^nd Euro Institution Saint-Joseph – Carnolès

Cuncu, Farine, Soler, Langlois

Who is the mosquito?

An article by Benjamin Durand, Melody Nuvolone and Maya Lemonnier: 2^nd euro institution st Joseph- Carnolès.

Summer means holidays, beach, calm and … incessant mosquitos’ stings. In fact, they are considered to be impossible little animals who ruin your holidays but after all, isn't the mosquito more than this? So, we wanted to know the secrets of this little insect and we went to the first day of the Sustainable Development lecture organized by Saint Joseph.

What is a mosquito? The mosquito represents more than 3500 species around the world, including about 40 already present in PACA region. We all know more or less that they don't all sting (only the female mosquitoes sting humans because they need proteins present in the blood. After having food, our biggest regret, they go lay their eggs in an aquatic area and, these ones can only hatch if the temperatures go beyond 12°C. So the cycle reproduces endlessly.) For many years, they have been the newspapers' headlines especially in the Monaco Hebdo in 2010, the Nice Matin in 2013 and the Dépêche in 2015. In fact, the mosquito has been hitting more than ever with global warming. If we reach the objective of the 2°C until the end of the century (I don t understand what you want to say), the temperatures will transform the mosquito biologically , it will reach then many more countries to a much longer period that could extend to 10 month of activities each year. This can be observed right now for example, in Camargue, there still would be more than 300 stings every 15 minutes in November. And this is just a weak number compared to the ones of the Southern countries where the consequences are much more serious: around the world, there are 225 million cases of paludism identified and 781 900 people dying each year, which represents about one victim every 30 seconds but, we will talk about that later.

If we ask you what mosquito species you fear the most, you will certainly answer the tiger mosquito because, it is also certainly the one that you know; but you aren't necessarily wrong, in any case if the question is only targeted on our region however we won’t expand on all the species present in the world. In fact, there are 3 sorts of mosquitoes that are very present around us. The Culex Pipiens, who just lives in the cities, the Aedes Mariea, whose position is at the level of the coastline then, the famous Aedes Albopictus, the Tiger Mosquito. The latter comes from South Asia and arrived in Europe in 1990 at Genoa. So this species has evolved little by little up to Menton and Nice in 2004 by a fast and important expansion. The individuals move because of road transportation because these ones can’t get away more than 100 meters from their hatching place. Furthermore, this species is particularly vector of the chikungunya and the dengue, more than 111 cases of dengue fever, 28 of chikungunya and 6 autochtons cases were identified in France during this year, which proves the advance of the mosquito because 6 out of 145 people are affected so that’s 13,3%. They have caught dengue fever without going out of the metropolitan territories. We also note that there was an epidemic in 2013 in Antibes because they can lay up to 200 eggs in stagnant waters (vase, puddle…) and it takes from 5 to 6 days for the larva to hatch.

It can also be noticed there was an epidemic in 2013 in the West Indies because they can lay up to 200 eggs in stagnant waters ( mud, puddle, soucoup...) (REPETITION !) and after larvaes can hatch between 5 or 6 days later. The mosquito's habitat is mainly created by humans and its increase is due to the presence of stagnant waters in the environment. We checked this fact with a workshop on the Burkina Faso organised by Miss Thébault. Then we saw how the poverty of the country prevents the buildingt building of efficient water networks. At the moment, the water is accumulating in the tanks which creates a perfect place for the mosquitoes to develo and reproduce. In this way, diseases such as malaria are carried through the water to humans. This fact was confirmed by Solange ,who after travelling all around the world by bike, has been able to tell us about her experience :

« (…) We are witnessing the extent of the mosquito problem in some areas and we feel powerless. In Yemen, I met a baby in the arms of a woman who had malaria and I couldn t do anything. In the world, believe it or not, the danger is Nature but also animals(...). The first animal danger is mosquitoes, they kill people. Thousands of children die of malaria every year . We feel very powerless  ».

Indeed, the mosquito is the first vector of disease in the world and it is the most dreaded of all animals. The oceonagraphic museum in Monaco has denounced the threat of mosquitoes' sting on sharks denouncing the fact that people underestimate the danger.

An exposition about people

ded because of animals. Photo : Maya

So, a lot of people would like to extinguish the mosquito species. We asked a researcher from the  National Centre for Scientific Research, 

 Camille Roumieux, to give us his point of view about this topic.

« -Do you think mosquitoes are a real risk for the future ? »

« -Yes, it's already a risk in some parts of the planet. 780000 people die from mosquitoes bites, which means one death every 30 seconds. Of course, not all the countries are concerned yet but due to global warming, mosquitoes touch more and more people over longer periods making the risk grow. »

« -Why are  mosquitoes playing a role on the ecosystem and what will be consequences if they disapear ?- »

« -Like every species mosquito is food for other species especially for birds.  They give more energy than any other animal or any other plant. A lot of researches show that if a bird doesn't eat mosquitoes, it will lay less eggs than usual. So we can say that mosquitoes are essential because it is an important food for these kinds of birds. It is paramount of the improvement of the biodiversity

So we can say that « the disappearance of a harmful species for humans will lead to the extinction of other species ». Nevertheless, mosquitoes bring some other benefits for the population. We can think about « biomimetisme » which is perfectly characterized by mosquitoes. In a nutshell, bites are both useful and loathed. Indeed, some people are becoming achmophobus : the idea of being stung gives urticaria. Even if it's unpleasant, most of mosquitoes' bites are not painful. 

Avec Nanpoass 33, “you will feel absolutly nothing…” (Photo : Terumo)

A mosquito bite Photo: Phil-cdc 

lso two Japanese firms decided to imitate the mosquito proboscis to produce medical stings. They have adapted a new typology of stings with conical shape like mosquito proboscis and not cylindrical anymore. They also have succeeded in lowering sting length, that was supposed impossible by most of the producers. Mission accomplished in 2005 by changing sting production methods. Nowadays, there are nanopass 33 billion syringes sold worldwide.

To conclude, we can say that it wouln't be right to kill all the mosquitoes because they are harmful. Even though it isn't easy, me must find solutions.